- 105 BC Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus
- 68 BC Battle of Artaxata: Lucullus averts the bad omen of this day by defeating Tigranes the Great of Armenia
- 891 Formosus begins his reign as Catholic Pope
- 1111 Baldwin VII becomes Earl of Flanders
- 1567 Duke of Alba becomes land guardian of the Netherlands
- 1683 13 Mennonite families from Germany found Germantown, Philadelphia
- 1689 Pietro Ottoboni replaces Pope Innocent XI as Alexander VIII
- 1762 British troops occupy Manila, Philippines
- 1783 Benjamin Hanks patents the self-winding clock
Louis XVI Returns to Paris
1789 French Revolution: Louis XVI returns to Paris from Versailles after being confronted by the Parisian women on October 5
- 1799 Battle of Castricum: Franco-Dutch army defeats British-Russian army
- 1811 French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte visits Utrecht
- 1849 Execution of the 13 Martyrs of Arad after the Hungarian War of Independence
- 1853 4th National Women's Rights Convention opens in Cleveland, Ohio
- 1854 The Great Fire of Newcastle and Gateshead starts shortly after midnight and leads to 53 deaths and hundreds injured
American Chess Congress
1857 First American Chess Congress is hosted by the American Chess Association in New York City and is won by Paul Morphy on November 10
- 1861 Naval engagement at Charleston, South Carolina: USS Flag vs. HMS Alert
- 1861 Revolt of Russian students shuts down University of Petersburg
- 1863 Battle of Baxter Springs, Kansas
- 1863 Dr. Charles H. Sheppard opens the first public bath in Brooklyn
- 1866 First train robbery in US: Reno Brothers take $13,000
- 1871 Fisk Jubilee Singers, an African-American a cappella ensemble from Nashville's Fisk University, begin their first national tour of the US in Cincinnati, Ohio
- 1876 American Library Association organizes in Philadelphia
- 1882 First World Series Baseball Game 1: Cincinnati Red Stockings (AA) beat Chicago White Stockings (NL) 4-0 at Bank Street Grounds, Cincinnati
- 1884 Naval War College forms in Newport, Rhode Island
- 1889 Famed cabaret Moulin Rouge opens as the Jardin de Paris at the foot of the Montmartre hills in Paris, France
- 1889 First known ascent of the summit of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest peak, by German climber Hans Meyer and Austrian Ludwig Purtscheller
- 1890 General Conference of the Latter-day Saints outlaws polygamy
- 1893 Nabisco Foods invents Cream of Wheat
Arrest of Jose Rizal
1896 Filipino nationalist José Rizal is arrested en route to Cuba via Spain and imprisoned in Barcelona
- 1898 Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity is founded at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, Massachusetts
- 1900 Britain annexes the Orange Free State as the Orange River Colony
- 1903 The High Court of Australia sits for the first time
- 1906 The Majlis of Iran convenes for the first time
- 1908 Austria annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina
- 1908 Tigers beat White Sox 7-0 to win AL pennant
- 1908 Yankees lose 100th game of the year, going 51-103 for the season
- 1910 Braves beat Phillies 20-7
- 1911 Beatrix van Rijk becomes the first licensed Dutch woman pilot
Cy Young's Farewell
1911 Boston Rustlers' future Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young's MLB farewell appearance is a disappointment as he loses 13-3 to the Brooklyn Dodgers in his 906th game
- 1912 Pirates' Owen "Chief" Wilson hits a record 36th triple of the season
- 1914 The Russians fall back along the Eastern Front in Poland and Galicia
1917 Third Battle of Ypres: Canadian troops recapture the high ground in the village of Passchendaele from the Germans in West Flanders, Belgium, during World War I; over 200,000 casualties occur on each side, and 24,000 German prisoners are taken
- 1918 US ship Otranto sinks between Scotland and Ireland, killing 425
- 1919 Stamboliyski becomes premier of Bulgaria
- 1921 Century Theater opens at 7th Ave & 59th St NYC (demolished in 1962)
- 1921 International PEN, a worldwide association of writers, is founded in London
- 1922 The great powers of the First World War withdraw from Istanbul
- 1923 First National League unassisted triple play by Ernie Padgett of the Braves against the Phillies
- 1923 US Lt. Al Williams flies a record 392.2 km/h
- 1925 Greek Premier Papanastasiou orders the arrest of General Pangulos
1927 "The Jazz Singer," directed by Alan Crosland and starring Al Jolson and May McAvoy, is released as the first film with a synchronized soundtrack (Honorary Academy Award 1929)
Tito Imprisoned
1928 Yugoslav revolutionary Josip Broz Tito is convicted after police find bombs in his apartment and is sentenced to 5 years in jail
- 1931 Joris van Severen forms Verdinaso (Union of Flemish National Solidarists)
- 1935 Italian army occupies Adwa, Abyssinia
- 1935 Market Street Railway in San Francisco starts using trackless trolley coaches
Hitler's Deception
1939 WWII: Adolf Hitler speech at the Reichstag celebrates the defeat of Poland, offers peace to France and England, and mentions need for "settlement of the Jewish problem" [1]
- 1939 WWII: Last Polish troops surrender to Soviet army
- 1940 Zoological Gardens open at Sloat and Skyline Boulevards in San Francisco, California
- 1941 German army occupies Bryansk, USSR
- 1942 Allied assault on oil installations of Bula Ceram
- 1943 Battle of Vella Lavella, Solomon Islands
Final Solution
1943 Himmler wants to accelerate the "Final Solution"
- 1944 Allied aircraft accidentally bomb Vriezenveen, Overijssel
- 1944 Canadians liberate Austria
- 1944 Royal Dutch Navy submarine Zwaardvis (Swordfish) sinks German submarine U-168 in the Java Sea
- 1944 Soviet forces march into Hungary and Czechoslovakia
- 1945 Memorial for the executed unveiled in Terbregge, Netherlands
- 1945 Tavern owner "Billy Goat" Sianis buys a seat for his goat for Game 4 of the Baseball World Series, is escorted out, and casts a goat curse on the Chicago Cubs
Eisenhower Visits The Hague
1945 US General Eisenhower is welcomed in The Hague on Hitler's train
- 1946 90°F (32.22°C) is the highest temperature ever recorded in Cleveland in October
- 1946 US President Harry Truman questions Great Britain's Jews about Palestine
- 1948 Earthquake in Ashgabat kills 100,000 in Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic
- 1948 KHJ TV channel 9 in Los Angeles, CA (IND) begins broadcasting
Proconsul africanus
1948 Paleoanthropologist Mary Leakey finds the first partial fossil skull of Proconsul africanus, an ancestor of apes and humans, on Rusinga Island, Kenya
- 1949 American citizen and radio broadcaster in Japan during the war, Iva Toguri D'Aquino, known as Tokyo Rose, is sentenced to 10 years and a $10,000 fine for treason; she is later pardoned
Mutual Defense Assistance Act
1949 US President Harry Truman signs the Mutual Defense Assistance Act to strengthen NATO allies especially Greece and Turkey
Stalin's Atomic Bomb
1951 Joseph Stalin announces that the Soviet Union has an atomic bomb
- 1953 WTVM TV channel 9 in Columbus, GA (ABC) begins broadcasting
1956 Scientist Albert Sabin announces that his oral polio vaccine is ready for testing; it soon replaces Jonas Salk's vaccine in many parts of the world
- 1957 USSR performs a nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya, USSR
- 1958 The USS Seawolf (SSN-575) nuclear submarine surfaces after being submerged for a record 60 days and traveling 13,700 nautical miles
- 1959 Soviet Luna 3, the first successful photographic spacecraft, impacts the Moon
- 1961 USSR performs nuclear tests at Kapustin Yar and Novaya Zemlya, USSR
- 1962 US performs an atmospheric nuclear test at Johnston Island
- 1965 William Goodhart's "Generation" premieres in New York City
- 1966 LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is first declared illegal in the state of California, and other states follow
- 1966 Partial meltdown at Detroit's Fermi 1 nuclear reactor
- 1967 Haight-Ashbury (San Francisco) hippies hold a funeral for "Hippie" to signify the end of "the Summer of Love"
- 1967 USSR performs a nuclear test
- 1968 The Beatles' promotional films (music videos) for "Hey Jude" and "Revolution" first broadcast in the US on "The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour"
Something
1969 The Beatles release the single "Something" in US; it is the first "A" side written by George Harrison
- 1969 WMPB TV channel 67 in Baltimore, MD (PBS) begins broadcasting
- 1972 22-car train carrying 2,000 pilgrims derails in Mexico, killing 208
Sinn Féin Office Closed
1972 Taoiseach (Irish Prime Minister) Jack Lynch closes the Sinn Féin office in Dublin
- 1973 Yom Kippur War begins as Syria and Egypt attack Israel
1974 Brazilian McLaren driver Emerson Fittipaldi finishes fourth in the US Grand Prix at Watkins Glen to win his second Formula 1 World Drivers' Championship by three points from Clay Regazzoni
- 1976 "Gang of Four" arrested in Beijing
- 1976 Cubana Flight 455 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean after two bombs placed by terrorists with connections to the CIA explode onboard shortly after taking off from Bridgetown, Barbados, killing all 73 people on board
- 1976 John Hathaway completes a 50,600-mile bicycle tour of every continent
Event of Interest
1976 Mao Zedong's widow Jiang Qing and other members of the "Gang of Four" are arrested and charged with plotting a coup, an event often considered the end of the Cultural Revolution
Ford Makes Debate Error
1976 US President Gerald Ford says there is "no Soviet domination in Eastern Europe" during a Presidential debate against Jimmy Carter
Wang Hongwen
1976 Wang Hongwen finishes his term as Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
Event of Interest
1976 Yao Wenyuan is arrested for his role in the Chinese Cultural Revolution
- 1977 D.L. Coburn's "The Gin Game" premieres in New York City
- 1977 Fascists attack a group of MCPV militants and sympathizers in Alicante, Spain, killing one MCPV sympathizer
- 1977 Yankees win AL pennant by rallying for 3 runs in the 9th to beat the KC Royals 5-3 in the 5th and deciding playoff game
- 1978 Hanna H. Gray is inaugurated as the first female head of a US university (University of Chicago)
Mick Jagger Apologizes
1978 Mick Jagger apologizes for racist lyrics in "Some Girls"
Baseball Record
1978 Royals' George Brett hits 3 home runs, and Yankees win championship game 3, 6-5
Days of Heaven
1978 Terrence Malick's film "Days of Heaven," starring Richard Gere, premieres
- 1978 The film "Midnight Express," directed by Alan Parker and starring Brad Davis, Randy Quaid, and John Hurt, premieres
- 1979 Harry Drake sets the long-distance footbow shot record of 2,006 yards 1 foot 9 inches (1,834.82 meters)
1st Pope at The White House
1979 Pope John Paul II is the first pope to visit the White House, meeting with President Jimmy Carter in Washington, D.C.
- 1980 Guyana adopts a constitution
- 1981 Fokker Fellowship plane crashes at Moerdijk, Netherlands, killing all 17 passengers
- 1982 Auburn's Al Del Greco kicks six field goals
- 1983 China performs a nuclear test at Lop Nor, People's Republic of China
NHL Record
1983 NHL New York Islanders' Mike Bossy's 25th career hat trick
- 1983 The NY Jets announce they are leaving Shea Stadium for the Meadowlands
- 1983 USSR performs a nuclear test at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in northeastern Kazakhstan
1985 French McLaren driver Alain Prost clinches his first Formula 1 World Drivers' Championship with a 4th place finish in the European Grand Prix at Brands Hatch
- 1985 Marita Koch of East Germany sets the women's 400 m record (47.6) in Australia
- 1985 New York Yankees knuckleballer Phil Niekro becomes the 18th pitcher to win 300 games and, at 46, becomes the oldest to pitch a shutout, beating Toronto 8-0
- 1985 PC Keith Blakelock is murdered as riots erupt in the Broadwater Farm estate in Tottenham, north London
- 1986 Russian nuclear submarine K-291 sinks in the Atlantic Ocean
Fiji Declared a Republic
1987 Military coup leader Major-General Sitiveni Rabuka declares Fiji a republic
- 1987 US Senate Judiciary Committee votes 9-5 to send the nomination of Robert Bork for a seat on the Supreme Court to the full Senate with an unfavorable recommendation
- 1988 Oakland A's sweep Boston Red Sox in four games for the AL pennant
- 1990 Solar Polar Orbiter "Ulysses" is launched
- 1990 US 67th manned space mission STS 41 (Discovery 11) is launched into orbit
Baseball Record
1991 New York Mets' David Cone ties a National League record by striking out 19 Phillies
- 1991 Orioles' last game at Baltimore's Memorial Stadium against the Detroit Tigers
NBA History
1993 After nine seasons and three championships with the Chicago Bulls, Michael Jordan announces his retirement from the NBA, returns on March 18, 1995, and leads the Bulls to another three NBA titles
- 1993 Sydney Australia Stock Market index rises above 2000 for the first time
- 1994 Ben Mokoena becomes the first black mayor of Middelburg, South Africa
- 1994 European Campaign Against Racism convenes in Austria (ends October 9)
- 1995 51 Pegasi is discovered as the first major star, apart from the Sun, to have a planet orbiting it
- 1995 Cheryl Daniels wins the BPAA US Women's Open
- 1995 Colorado Avalanche (formerly Quebec Nordiques) play their first NHL game and beat Detroit
- 1996 In the final season of Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, Lois and Clark wed in the episode "Swear To God, This Time We're Not Kidding"
- 1996 New York Jets' Nick Lowery ties Jan Stenerud with 373 NFL field goals
- 1998 Matthew Shepard, a gay student at the University of Wyoming, is savagely beaten, tortured, and left to die tied to a fence in Laramie, Wyoming, and dies six days later
- 2000 Swedish comedy drama "Songs from the Second Floor," written and directed by Roy Andersson, is released in Sweden
Pop Idol
2001 UK talent show "Pop Idol," created by Simon Fuller with judges Simon Cowell and Pete Waterman, debuts, starting a worldwide Idol franchise
- 2002 Pope John Paul II canonizes Opus Dei founder Josemaría Escrivá as a Catholic saint
- 2002 The French oil tanker Limburg is bombed off Yemen
- 2007 Jason Lewis completes the first human-powered circumnavigation of the globe
- 2008 Messenger spacecraft performs a second flyby of Mercury
The List
2009 Manhattan Records releases "The List," the twelfth studio album by singer Rosanne Cash, with song selections culled from a list of 100 titles that her father compiles and gives her when she decides to pursue a career in music; the album features guest appearances by Bruce Springsteen, Jeff Tweedy, Elvis Costello, and Rufus Wainwright
- 2010 Phillies ace Roy Halladay pitches only the second postseason no-hitter in MLB history in Game 1 of the NLDS, winning 4-0 against the Cincinnati Reds at Citizens Bank Park in Philadelphia
Music Concert
2012 Actor John Cusack strolls onto the stage at the Hollywood Bowl and hands singer Peter Gabriel a boombox before the performance of the song "In Your Eyes," recreating the iconic scene from the movie "Say Anything"
- 2012 Leeds Rhinos defeat Warrington Wolves 26-18 to win the 2012 Super League Grand Final
Rugby History
2012 New Zealand wins the inaugural Rugby Championship with a 32-16 victory over South Africa in Johannesburg; the undefeated All Blacks score four tries to one, with Dan Carter kicking three conversions, a penalty, and a drop goal
Pope's Butler Sentenced
2012 Paolo Gabriele, Pope Benedict XVI's butler, is found guilty of leaking confidential documents and is sentenced to 18 months imprisonment
- 2013 53 people are killed in political clashes in Egypt
- 2014 John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser, and Edvard Moser win the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 2015 Nobel Prize for Physics is awarded to Takaaki Kajita (Japan) and Arthur McDonald (Canada) for their work on neutrinos
- 2017 Japanese-British writer Kazuo Ishiguro is awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature
- 2017 Nobel Peace Prize awarded to the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN)
- 2017 Storm Nate kills at least 22 people while passing through Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Honduras
- 2017 Vegas Golden Knights make their NHL debut in Dallas, winning 2-1 over the Stars
- 2018 Australia records the biggest comeback in Rugby Championship history by beating Argentina 45-34 in Salta; Wallabies trail 31-7 at halftime but score five second-half tries to none to overwhelm Pumas
Brett Kavanaugh
2018 Brett Kavanaugh is confirmed and sworn in to the US Supreme Court amid protests and following an FBI investigation
Nurmagomedov vs McGregor
2018 Khabib Nurmagomedov of Dagestan defeats Irishman Conor McGregor by fourth-round submission in a UFC lightweight title fight in Las Vegas; the event is marred by an ugly post-fight brawl, and the belt is withheld pending investigation
- 2018 New Zealand claims sixth overall and third consecutive Rugby Championship with a 32-20 win over South Africa in Pretoria; All Blacks outscore Springboks four tries to three
- 2018 Oil tanker collision with a car leaves at least 50 people dead and one hundred with serious burns near Kisantu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- 2019 99 Iraqis die and 4,000 are injured in protests over five days against living conditions, unemployment, and corruption, according to a human rights group
- 2019 Tens of thousands of Hong Kong protesters march in defiance of a new ban on face masks
- 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded to Roger Penrose, Reinhard Genzel, and Andrea M. Ghez for their work on black holes
- 2021 Carnegie Hall in New York City reopens after an 18-month pandemic shutdown with a concert by The Philadelphia Orchestra conducted by Yannick Nézet-Séguin
- 2021 Los Angeles votes in some of the strictest COVID-19 vaccine mandates in the country, requiring vaccinations before people can enter indoor businesses and events
- 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Benjamin List and David W.C. MacMillan for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis, a tool for building molecules
1st Malaria Vaccine
2021 WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus recommends the world's first malaria vaccine, Mosquirix, for children after a pilot program proves effective in Africa [1]
- 2022 Former police officer with a history of drug use attacks a daycare center, killing at least 37 people, including 23 children, with a gun and knife in Uthai Sawan, Thailand
- 2022 French writer Annie Ernaux is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature [1]
Most Decorated Gymnast of All-Time
2023 American Simone Biles wins all-around gold at the World Championships in Antwerp, Belgium, becoming the most decorated gymnast with 34 World and Olympic medals [1]
- 2023 Imprisoned Iranian human rights activist Narges Mohammadi is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for fighting the oppression of women in Iran [1]
- 2023 New research confirms fossil footprints 23,000-21,000 years old at White Sands National Park, New Mexico, as probably the oldest evidence of humans in the Americas [1]
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